0 recently 
0/10July 10, 1754
The Albany conference
Definition
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
May 21, 1756
7 years war
Definition
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Effects
Britian doubled it's land holdings in north America and France was nearly kicked out. Natives couldn't play the empires off of each other for protection.
May 21, 1756
7 years war
Definition
A dispute over a French fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Effects
Britain doubled its land holdings in north America and France was nearly kicked out. Natives couldn't play the empires off of each other for protection.
Causes
Conflicting interests between European powers over territory and colonies
May1763
British beliefs after 7 years war
Definition
They viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
May1763
Proclamation of 1763
Definition
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
May1764
Sugar act
Definition
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
Context
Before the act, most sugar was smuggled in, avoiding the tax. Now they were forced to pay it.
May1765
Stamp act
Definition
All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
May1765
Stamp act congress
Definition
Delegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods.
May1766
Declaratory act
Definition
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
June, 1767
Townshend Acts
Definition
In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
March 5, 1770
Boston massacre
Definition
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
April 19, 1775
Lexington and Concorde
Definition
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
May, 1775
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
May, 1775
2nd Continental Congress
Definition
How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army How would they pay for it? New currency
June 17, 1775
Battle of Bunker hill
Definition
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
July, 1775
Olive branch petition
Definition
Congress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
January 31, 1776
Common sense
Definition
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Effects
Led to widespread support for independence
July 2, 1776
Declaration of Independence
Definition
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
July1781
Articles of confederation
Definition
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
July1786
Shay’s rebellion
Causes
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
Effects
Les many to worry if this was a sign of the articles of confederation failing, because the government didn’t have the power to end the rebellion.
July1787
The Virginia plan
Definition
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
July1787
The New Jersey plan
Definition
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
July1787
Connecticut compromise
Definition
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
July1788
Philadelphia convention
Definition
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
Agreement
3 branches, Congress would have the power to tax, states prohibited from taking property, government would represent the people.
Disagreements
How much power to give the federal government? How to represent each state in Congress?
July1790
Hamilton's financial plan
Definition
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
July1790
the Compromise of 1790
Definition
Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
July1795
pinckney's treaty
Definition
between US and spain, defined border US and spanish florida, guranteed US navigation rights in mississippi river
July1797
Election of 1797
Definition
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
July1798
alien laws
Definition
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
July1798
sedition act
Definition
applied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
July1799
Fries rebellion
Definition
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
| 7 years war |
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other. |
| The middle ground |
The areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist |
| The Albany conference The albany plan of union |
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die" |
| British beliefs after 7 years war |
They viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt. |
| Proclamation of 1763 |
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains |
| Virtual representation |
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented. |
| Sugar act |
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry. |
| Stamp act |
All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals. |
| Stamp act congress |
Delegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods. |
| Declaratory act |
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted. |
| Townshend Acts |
In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports. |
| Boston massacre |
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters |
| Thomas Gage |
The new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws |
| Lexington and Concorde |
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen |
| Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston |
|
| Battle of Bunker hill |
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston |
| 2nd Continental Congress |
How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency |
| Colonial attitude towards independence |
They didn’t want it. Initially the revolution was a petition to get the same rights as other British citizens |
| Olive branch petition |
Congress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it. |
| Common sense By Thomas Paine |
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way. |
| Declaration of Independence |
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain |
| Articles of confederation |
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military |
| Failures of the articles of confederation |
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate. |
| Shay’s rebellion |
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it. |
| Annapolis convention |
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation |
| Philadelphia convention |
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution |
| The Virginia plan |
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government. |
| The New Jersey plan |
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation. |
| Connecticut compromise Great compromise |
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation. |
| Federalism |
The division of powers between different levels of government. |
| Checks and balances |
Different branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power. |
| George Washington's Presidency |
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms |
| Age of passion |
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions |
| civic virtue |
the character of a good participant in a system of gov |
| republican motherhood |
the idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation |
| Hamilton's financial plan |
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses |
| the Compromise of 1790 |
Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country |
| French revolution |
Ambassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home. |
| British impressment |
The British continued to kidnap american sailors. Washington sent John Jay to london to negotiate |
| Jay treaty |
Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots. |
| First political parties |
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties. |
| Federalists |
Strong national government |
| Democratic Republicans |
Weak national government |
| Whiskey rebellion |
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore |
| Election of 1797 |
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president) |
| XYZ affair |
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war. |
| Fries rebellion |
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries. |
| pinckney's treaty |
between US and spain, defined border US and spanish florida, guranteed US navigation rights in mississippi river |
| alien laws |
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time |
| sedition act |
applied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government |
| virginia and kentucky resolutions |
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states |
| 7 years war French and Indian war |
A dispute over a French fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other. |
Matteo Z 
U.S. History
Used practice mode
Matched flashcards
