First political parties
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
XYZ affair
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
Stamp act congress
Delegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods.
Colonial attitude towards independence
Lexington and Concorde
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
republican motherhood
the idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
George Washington's Presidency
the Compromise of 1790
Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
Strong national government
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Boston massacre
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
2nd Continental Congress
How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency
The New Jersey plan
Hamilton's financial plan
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
Articles of confederation
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Connecticut compromise
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
Thomas Gage
Olive branch petition
The Virginia plan
civic virtue
the character of a good participant in a system of gov
Proclamation of 1763
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
A dispute over a French fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
between US and spain, defined border US and spanish florida, guranteed US navigation rights in mississippi river
Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
British beliefs after 7 years war
They viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
