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cellular respiration
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Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
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Aerobic
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Process that requires oxygen
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NAD+
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electron carrier involved in glycolysis
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FAD
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electron carrier produced during the Krebs cycle
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Glycolysis
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A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP
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Anaerobic
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Process that does not require oxygen
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prepartory reaction
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parent drug more polar metabolite
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citric acid cycle
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Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide.
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Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
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series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions
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substrate-level phosphorylation
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The enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP by direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
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Fermentation
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A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
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oxygen dept
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amount of oxygen requirement to oxidize lactic acid produced anaerobically during strenous muscle activity.
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Mitocondrion
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Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
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Acetyl CoA
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the entry compound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration, formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme
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Cytochromes
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proteins that play a key role in electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
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Chemiosmosis
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Process by which a Hydrogen pump pumps protons into the thylakoid membrane. H+ passively flows through the ATP synthase which leads to the creation of ATP.
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Catabolism
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Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
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Anabolism
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Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.
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