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Petrarch
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His death marked the start of the renaissance. He was called the father of humanism.
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Poco della Mirandola
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He wrote the famous “oration on the dignity of man”, the manifesto of the renaissance. Humans are free to become whatever they want
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Humanism
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A focus on the human body and human achievements.
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Leonardo Bruni
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First to coin the term “humanism”. First to divide history into 3 parts.
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Secularism
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Separation of church and state.
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Beliefs on education in the renaissance
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Believed education should promote individual virtue and self sacrificing public service. Aka. Civic humanism
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Civic humanism
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An emphasis on the public good
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Renaissance art
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Focused much more on realism as artists learned how to use perspective
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Castiglione
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A long career as a diplomat for Milan. Wrote “the courtier” on how a gentleman should behave in court.
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The prince
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Machiavelli wrote about how an effective ruler should behave: they should maintain order and stability, be feared but not hated.
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Impacts of the printing press
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The printing press helped spread the ideas of the renaissance.
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New monarchies
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New technology made war more expensive and it required large centralized governments to afford it. The monarch’s gained power and the nobility lost it.
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Renaissance monarchies
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New military technology meant only centralized government could afford to go to war. Monarchs became more powerful, nobility lost power.
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Spanish monarchy in the renaissance
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Isabella and Ferdinand conquered the Muslim state of Grenada, expelled Spanish Jews and tortured non-Catholics
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French monarchy in the renaissance
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The pope rented the power to appoint church officials in France to the king through the accordo di bologna
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European history
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