Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
American federation of laborGrew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Great railroad strike
Government support for railroads
Views on immigrationFeared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Interstate commerce actRequired railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Knights of labor
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
The new southIdea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Bessemer process
American protective associationHeavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Chinese exclusion actNativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Debates over moneyFarmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
International migration societyFacilitated the migration of black people to africa
Pullman strikeAfter a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Dawes actBroke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Gospel of wealth
Settlement housesProvided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
White collar workersAll the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Changes in farmingA new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Jim Crow laws
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Booker T. Washingtonformer slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
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Boost!
Indian appropriation actcongress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Frozen!
Frozen!
Populist partyWanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Dawes act
Haymarket square riotAnarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
American federation of laborGrew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Boost!
Boost!
Panic of 1893
Growth of immigration16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Settlement housesProvided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Chinese exclusion actNativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Pullman strike
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
American protective association
Interstate commerce act
Debates over moneyFarmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
International migration society
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Tammany HallThe most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
National Grange movement
Anti-Saloon leagueWorked to close down saloons
RailroadsMassive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Jim Crow lawsForced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Views on immigration
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Boost!
Boost!
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo