National Grange movement
Great railroad strike
Government support for railroads
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
American protective association
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Ida B. Wells
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
White collar workers
Assimilationist movement
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Anti-Saloon league
Worked to close down saloons
Changes in farming
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Andrew Carnegie
Knights of labor
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
