Black codes
John Brown
Led a small raid on a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. His goal was to arm the southern slave population and incite a slave rebellion
Many northerners opposed the expansion of slavery, and abolitionists despised the law. There were often riots when Southerners would try to bring back a runaway slave.
Civil rights act of 1866
All African Americans were citizens of the United States
California and New Mexico wanted to enter the union as free states.
Henry Clay created compromise: New Mexico and Utah would vote on slavery, California would be admitted as a free state, Slavery would be banned in Washington D.C., and there would be a new fugitive slave act
Mexican-American war
Disputes over the Texas border sparked the conflict. American troops made it all the way to Mexico city.
Compromise of 1877
The contested election was decided by a Republican-leaning committee the obv chose the Republican candidate. Democrats threatened to filibuster
Stopped the president from removing a member of their cabinet without congressional approval (Johnson had tried to remove his secretary of war, who was a radical Republican)
Texan independence
Americans had been settling in Texas since the 1820s. The southerners outnumbered actual Mexicans and had brought their slaves. The Mexican government outlawed slavery and mandated catholicism.
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Established the southern border of the United States and granted a huge portion of land known as the Mexican cession which included California and new Mexico
Plan to completely cut off the south by blockading southern ports and eventually the Mississippi river
Pushed hard for civil rights, wanted to punish the south. Shifted the process of reconstruction from president to congress
Bleeding Kansas
Fighting broke out between the pro and anti-slavery factions
Gold rush
Gold was discovered in California, population skyrocketed
Reconstruction acts
Divided the south into 5 zones under military occupation. Increased requirements for rejoining (also ratify 14th amendment and have universal suffrage)
Dred Scott case
A slave in Missouri was taken to live in free Wisconsin, for two years, and he sued for his freedom. The Supreme Court ruled that slaves aren't citizens, and they are property so nobody can be deprived of their property without due process.
Manifest destiny
15th amendment
James k. Polk was a big believer in manifest destiny. He got the Oregon territory and started the Mexican-American River.
A coalition of free soilers and whigs and northern democrats who's goal was to stop the spread of slavery.
Johnson impeached
Pres. Johnson violated the tenure of office act, and impeachment failed by one vote
Battle of Vicksburg
Granted the Union control of the entire Mississippi River. Cut the confederacy in half
Election of 1860
Lincoln campaigned on halting the expansion of slavery. He won without a single Southern electoral vote, prompting the south to realize they no longer any voice in the future of slavery in america
Wilmot Proviso
An amendment to a law in congress that stipulated that any land gained in the Mexican-American war wouldn't be ineligible for the spread of slavery. Symbolized the growing tension over westward expansion and slavery.
Argued that slavery was a constitutional right, wanted line established in the Missouri Compromise to extend all the way westward to the Pacific.
White supremacy
White supremacy continued to dominate. Secret societies continued to terrorize African Americans (and Catholics, jews, and immigrants)
divided Nebraska territory into 2 sections, Kansas and Nebraska. Put slavery to a vote in each new state. Effectively overturned the Missouri compromise!
Free Soil Party
Formed by abolitionists who wanted to ban slavery everywhere
