private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body
Humoral theory of the body
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Reading Revolution
The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract
English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
Voltaire
Popes response to galieleo
Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books
Charter of towns 1792
Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews
Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
The enlightenment
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)
Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
Contagious Diseases Act
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
Urbanization
Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
Johannes Kepler
Enlightened Absolutism
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.
Deism
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.
Francis Bacon
Developed inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Using specific observations to create general principles
a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities
Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.
John Locke
Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people
During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
Using general principles to determine specific consitions
Atheism
Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence
Nicolaus Copernicus
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
