Battle of Vienna (1683)
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
consumer culture
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
Absolutism causes
English civl war causes
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
Peter the great's political reform
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
Peter the great reforms
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
The intendant system
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
