consumer culture
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
Waterframe
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Jethro Tull's seed drill
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
End of the English civl war
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Battle of Vienna (1683)
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
