Simony
the buying and selling of church offices
Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation
Defenestration of Prague
Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd shut down several lutheran churches in Bohemia. They then threw those officials out of a window.
members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
A treaty between Charles V and the German Protestant princes that let each prince choose the religion of their kingdom (only Protestant or catholic)
Massacre of Vassy
Stocks
nepotism
favoritism to relatives
Indulgences
Allowed people to buy their salvation
Catholics defeated the Protestants and reestablished Catholicism (bohemian phase)
Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline in response to Protestant reforms.
Banks began handling so much money, new techniques were developed to keep track of it. Double entry booking was a way of keeping track of everyone’s debts and bank balance.
Used this war as an excuse to fight the Habsburgs in Spain in order to assure that they would not rebound from the Protestant defeats
Frederick 1st
Social order in 16th century europe
Land ownership important, wealth important, religion, and patriarchy (less in rural areas)
Danish Phase (1625-1629)
King of Denmark, who was Protestant, led attacks against the Catholics. War is transforming from a local conflict, to a tran-national war
Witch hunts
In 1500s to 1600s about 50 thousand women were killed for being witches. Caused by patriarchal beliefs (women are too weak to resist the devil)
30 years war: Bohemian Phase (1618-1625)
Small localized war in Bohemia between the Protestant union and the catholic league . Catholic league won and reestablished Catholicism
Hugenots
Council of Trent
Aimed to reform the church and reconcile with Protestants. They cracked down on corruption and created a spiritual reawakening.
Edict of Nantes
document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots in France
Roman Inquisition
A Catholic court that inquired into the beliefs of people to see if they were heretics
Anabaptists
A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization.
A list of Books, created by the Catholic Church, that supported Protestantism or that were overly critical of the Church were banned. Possession could be severe.
Diet of Worms
Marks the point at which the war extended beyond the borders of the Holy Roman Empire and became a proper European war. King gustavus Adolphus, a brilliant strategist scored major victories for the Protestants, with aid from France.
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Catherine de Medici had thousands of Protestants killed at Henry of Navarre's wedding
Peace of Westphalia
the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648. Marked the end of Europe's religious wars, amended the Augsburg agreement, and weakened the holy Roman emperor
