AP Government required terms duel

Closed primary

Trustee representatives after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions

voting for candidates all of the same party

Stare decisis

a rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise

Gatekeepers

a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy

complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

Federalists supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution

Sound bite a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

Split-ticket voting voting for candidates from more than one party in the same election

A Politico a member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration

a tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example

Free exercise clause Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices

Hyperpluralism democracy seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time,

Liberal

Political culture a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

Delegate Representation an elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents

Privileges and immunities clause

Ideology a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals

Popular sovereignty

Prior restraint action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Strict constructionist the view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution

Courts with the authority to review cases heard by other courts to correct errors or uphold rulings

Franking privilege allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge

Those opposed to the ratification of the constitution because it gave to much power to the federal government at the cost of the states

Referendum a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct

Gerrymandering

Hard money money used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal

Iron triangle

voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based

Subsidy

Anti-Federalists Those opposed to the ratification of the constitution because it gave to much power to the federal government at the cost of the states

federal courts created by Congress under Article III of the Constitution

Realigning election

Pluralist theory of democracy interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy

Rule of four

the warning that an individual must be read at the time of arrest and questioning, letting him know

Trial balloon

Closed primary Limited to registered voters of a particular party

party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in

Issue network the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members

Incumbency effect tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantages because they already

Elite theory of democracy

Affirmative Action A program intended to give a boost to minority applicants over white applicants

Sound bite a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

agenda setting Determining which public-policy questions will be debated or considered.

Separation of powers

extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns

voting for candidates from more than one party in the same election

small changes in policy over long periods of time; usually in reference to budget making - that the

Libel

President pro tempore serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority

a governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are

made up of representatives and senators appointed to resolve differences in the Senate and House versions of the same bill before final passage

Privileges and immunities clause states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other

Free exercise clause Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices

political organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend

a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide

Executive privilege a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents

End this game?