AP Government required terms duel

Sound bite a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals

Mandates

Incrementalism

Soft money money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election

Impeachment

categorical grants

Republic a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to

Issue network the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members

Select committee a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the

Popular sovereignty basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental

Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not

Progressive tax a tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example

interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy

Political party voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based

Supremacy clause

Interest group a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy

Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices

Casework

Political action committees (PAC$) extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns

voting for candidates all of the same party

Executive agreement agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate

Realigning election when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive

Free rider

Cooperative federalism

Dealigning election

the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a

application of portions of the Bill of Rights to the states under the 14th Amendment

Libertarianism

a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

Subsidy Subsidy a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the

A brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines their position or issues it thinks are important in the case. It literally means "friend of the court"

Incumbency effect tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantages because they already

a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues

standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes

practice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its

The exchange of political favors for support of a bill

Exclusionary rule rule that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person

Pocket veto when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not

Free exercise clause Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices

action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review

minority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters

Miranda warning

Dealigning election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or

Congressional Oversight Review and supervision of federal agencies and implementations of laws

Recess appointment

Honeymoon period

Services preformed by an elected official for constituents

Open primary a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to

Independent executive agency

Unitary system

Realigning election when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive

Interest group a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy

Conservative

Apportionment Distribution of representatives among the states based on the population of each state

Revolving door the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were

Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states

Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens

political organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend

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