a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light

Denis Diderot Paracelsus Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations Voltaire

Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics. Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.

These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it. Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular. Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.

Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything. Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence