Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun. Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities. A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe

Using specific observations to create general principles Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun. Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.

There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular. Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.

Population increases in the 1700s Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations Johannes Kepler Enlightenment views of religion

Philosophes William Harvey Geocentric model of the universe Voltaire