Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans

Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion. Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic. The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.

Rump Parliament End of the English civl war War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713) Military impact of balance of power wars

Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power. Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt

Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion