Ecell = E (cathode) - E (anode) IMPORTANT: if the reaction gets reversed (in order to balance, sometimes it will need to be reversed), the sign of the Ecell must switch, however if it gets multiplied (in order to balance) IT REMAINS THE SAME!! 1 joule of work / coulomb of charge transferred J/C = units y + z --> Y+ + Z- (G<0) degrees of freedom of a molecule

it has k>1, relatively low activation energy (sum of S products) - (sum of S reactants) DO NOT FORGET TO ACCOUNT FOR THE MOLES IN THE REACTION!!! thermodynamically unfavorable V = IR voltage = current (amps) * resistance (ohms)

products have less energy than reactants, spontaneous, graph will end lower than it started V = IR voltage = current (amps) * resistance (ohms) y + z --> Y+ + Z- (G<0) the energy of a system related to changes in enthalpy and entropy, at a constant temperature. basically implies that the system is at 1 atm and using 1 M solutions.

delta G and the energy of the product is lower than that of the reactants 1. G = negative = k>1; G = positive = k x --> X+ + e- as matter disperses, entropy increase, so, going from solid to liquid to gas would increase entropy, whilst going from gas to liquid to solid would decrease it 1 joule of work / coulomb of charge transferred J/C = units

galvanic = anode is negative and cathode is positive electrolytic = anode is positive and cathode is negative thermodynamically unfavorable in an isolated system energy can neither be created or destroyed; only transferred or converted, meaning E lost = negative E gained the energy of a system related to changes in enthalpy and entropy, at a constant temperature. basically implies that the system is at 1 atm and using 1 M solutions.