(sum of S products) - (sum of S reactants) DO NOT FORGET TO ACCOUNT FOR THE MOLES IN THE REACTION!!! Ecell = E (cathode) - E (anode) IMPORTANT: if the reaction gets reversed (in order to balance, sometimes it will need to be reversed), the sign of the Ecell must switch, however if it gets multiplied (in order to balance) IT REMAINS THE SAME!! y + z --> Y+ + Z- (G<0) delta G = delta H - (T * delta S) gibbs free energy = enthalpy - (temperature times entropy) *note T is in kelvin, not Celsius

products have less energy than reactants, spontaneous, graph will end lower than it started thermodynamically unfavorable chemical energy is converted to electrical energy with spontaneous redox reaction Voltage consists of oxidizing agent in one compartment that pulls electrons through a wire from a reducing agent x --> X+ + e-

how do you calculate Gibbs free energy overall cell reaction overall cell reaction 2nd law with entropy

Ecell = E (cathode) - E (anode) IMPORTANT: if the reaction gets reversed (in order to balance, sometimes it will need to be reversed), the sign of the Ecell must switch, however if it gets multiplied (in order to balance) IT REMAINS THE SAME!! 1 joule of work / coulomb of charge transferred J/C = units the energy of a system related to changes in enthalpy and entropy, at a constant temperature. basically implies that the system is at 1 atm and using 1 M solutions. delta G = delta H - (T * delta S) gibbs free energy = enthalpy - (temperature times entropy) *note T is in kelvin, not Celsius

galvanic cell vs electrolytic cell overall cell reaction volumes proportionality with entropy oxidation half-reaction