the total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot opinion justice or justices who voted in the minority, explaining the reasons for opposing the majority opinion mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary government benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status

the practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives a rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case

a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court" a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Unanimous consent Grants-in-aid Split-ticket voting

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